Operating Procedures for Melting Point & Melting Rate Analyzer
1.Pre-Use Preparation
● Place the heating container (beaker) filled with heat transfer solution on the analyzer’s heating furnace.
● Insert the thermometer for the target melting point into the thermometer holder, ensuring the mercury bulb is positioned ≥2.5 cm above the heating surface.
● Adjust the solution level to align with the thermometer’s immersion line.
2.Startup
● Switch on the power and rotate the voltage regulator clockwise to heat the solution.
● Turn on the “Stirring” function to activate the stirrer in the solution.
3.Measurement
● When the solution reaches 10°C below the lower limit of the target melting point, adjust the voltage regulator to set the heating rate to 1.0–1.5°C/min (or 2.5–3.0°C/min for samples undergoing simultaneous melting and decomposition).
● After reaching the predicted melting temperature, cool the system. Repeat this cycle 2–3 times to calibrate the heating rate.
● Fine-tune the thermometer height to ensure the immersion line remains aligned with the solution surface throughout the process.
What Are the Advantages of XRF Fusion Machines?
XRF fusion machines adopt an electric heating fusion sample preparation method, offering high-precision temperature control. Under typical fusion temperatures, the temperature display error fluctuates within ±3°C, thereby ensuring reliable quality assurance for analytical processes and providing accurate experimental parameters for research. Additionally, the instrument features a compact furnace door design, which protects heating elements and the furnace chamber from severe thermal shocks while minimizing heat loss when opening the lid. This design enables rapid heating during continuous fusion operations.
What Are the Application Fields of High-Temperature Physical Property Analyzers?
A high-temperature physical property analyzer is a testing instrument used in fields such as chemistry, materials science, metallurgical engineering, and physics. Below are the applications of high-temperature physical property analyzers and precision high-temperature contact angle measurement systems
1.Measure the wettability of molten metals on substrates under high-temperature vacuum conditions, evaluating the wetting process and adhesion properties of different materials.
2.Study the wettability between metals and ceramic composites, measuring the contact angle of ceramic materials when metals melt under high-temperature vacuum.
3.Investigate the brazing process and wetting/spreading behavior of brazing alloys on substrates, with dynamic analysis of contact angles and wetting kinetics at high temperatures.
4.Measure contact angle variations of metals on different substrates under varying high-temperature conditions and gas atmospheres.
5.Analyze the contact angle, wetting process, and spreading mechanisms between coatings and substrates, studying wettability differences under diverse temperatures and atmospheres.
6.Study liquid-solid contact angles to evaluate adhesion properties and calculate the surface free energy of solids.
7.Analyze the contact angle between solder and substrates and the surface tension of solder solutions to optimize welding strength.
8.Measure the surface tension of molten steel, aluminum, copper, etc., at high temperatures. By analyzing contact angles and surface tension, control wettability ranges and develop effective methods for slag removal in smelting processes.
What Is the Working Principle of a High-Temperature Physical Property Analyzer?
The working principle of a high-temperature physical property analyzer, commonly referred to as a temperature tester, is primarily to accurately determine and measure temperature, based on different temperature-sensitive substances and measurement ranges.
A high-temperature physical property analyzer is a tool designed to accurately determine and measure temperature. It is categorized into analog thermometers and digital thermometers.
What Are the Features of the High-Temperature Physical Property Analyzer?
1.Heating Temperature: Up to 1700°C; Furnace Diameter: 30 mm.
2.Heating Rate: Adjustable 0–20°C/min; reaches 1700°C in 2.5 hours (user-configurable)；Programmable temperature control with intelligent adjustment.；Temperature Control Accuracy: ±1°C.
3.Image Magnification: 8–9×; imaging coordinates enable easy data quantification, expansion, and contraction.
4.Temperature Image Storage Interval: Minimum 1°C, user-definable.
5.CCD Resolution: 3+ Megapixels.
6.Power Supply: 220V ±10%, 2.5 kW.
7.Computer Integration:Standard computer interface for connectivity with PCs；Supports custom software development and user-friendly applications.
Separation and Enrichment of Gold and Silver
Gold and silver typically exist in materials at low concentrations, necessitating separation and enrichment prior to analysis. Even for pure gold, silver, or gold-silver alloys, separation is required to eliminate interference from the bulk matrix when determining impurities. The primary objectives of separation and enrichment are：
(1)Enhance measurement sensitivity;
(2)Eliminate interference from coexisting elements.
Thus, the study of separation and enrichment methods is critical for gold and silver analysis. Enrichment techniques, as documented in the literature, can be categorized into pyrometallurgical (fire assay) and hydrometallurgical methods.
● Pyrometallurgical Methods (Fire Assay)
○ Classical separation and enrichment method with advantages including high enrichment efficiency, accuracy, and broad applicability.
○ Limitations: Complex operation, high labor intensity, elevated costs, lead exposure risks, and requirement for specialized equipment.
● Hydrometallurgical Methods
○ Simpler and faster with basic instrumentation and effective enrichment, meeting industrial and research demands.
○ Recent advancements in hydrometallurgical techniques have shown a trend toward replacing fire assay in routine production. However, fire assay remains the most reliable and classical method for arbitration analysis.
Common Hydrometallurgical Techniques:
Precipitation and Coprecipitation、Solvent Extraction、Ion Exchange、Adsorption (e.g., activated carbon, resins)、Extraction Chromatography、Liquid Membrane Separation、Flotation
How to Design Effective Protection Measures for Directly Buried Insulated Pipes
Directly buried insulated pipes are used in liquid and gas transmission networks, chemical pipeline insulation projects (e.g., petroleum, chemical plants, central heating networks, central air conditioning ducts, municipal engineering), and are known for their excellent thermal insulation and low construction costs. Below are key anti-corrosion design measures for directly buried insulated pipes:
Anti-Corrosion Design Measures for Directly Buried Insulated Pipes
1、Determine Corrosion Protection Levels Based on Soil Corrosivity：Practical case studies indicate that the corrosion protection level of directly buried insulated pipes should align with the local soil corrosivity grade (high, medium, or low).High Corrosivity: Use extra-heavy-duty protection (e.g., triple-layer polyethylene (3LPE) coating).Medium Corrosivity: Apply heavy-duty protection (e.g., double-layer epoxy coating).Low Corrosivity: Opt for standard protection (e.g., single-layer epoxy coating).Designers must identify the soil corrosivity grade along the pipeline route to optimize the protection level.
2、Cathodic Protection (Electrochemical Method)：Cathodic protection is an electrochemical technique that prevents metal corrosion by applying a current to shift the protected metal’s electrode potential negatively, inhibiting its spontaneous ionization.This method requires an electrolyte (e.g., soil), making it highly suitable for buried steel pipelines.Synergy with Anti-Corrosion Coatings:Coatings reduce the current demand for cathodic protection；Cathodic protection compensates for coating defects (e.g., scratches, gaps).
Common Functions of Laboratory Equipment
Laboratory furniture refers to workbenches used for experiments, including fume hoods. Based on materials, they are categorized into all-steel, all-wood, steel-wood, aluminum-wood, and stainless steel. Countertops can use plate materials (e.g., solid-core phenolic resin boards), ceramic boards, or epoxy resin boards to achieve acid/alkali resistance and wear resistance.
1.Venting Function：Fume hoods must absorb harmful gases generated inside the hood, mix them with external air for dilution, and discharge them outdoors.
2.Make-Up Air Function：The system must intake external air to replace exhausted harmful gases, maintaining airflow balance.
3.Airflow Velocity Control：A minimum inlet velocity (typically 0.3–0.5 m/s) must be maintained to prevent harmful gas leakage from the hood.
4.Non-Reflux Function：The airflow generated by the exhaust fan must prevent backflow of harmful gases into the laboratory.For multiple hoods, use same-floor parallel duct connections, with fans installed at the duct terminus or rooftop.
Three Correct Usage Methods for 10-Ton Electronic Crane Scales
The 10-ton electronic crane scale requires an electric hoist for operation and is commonly used in steel mills, plate rolling mills, steel foundries, bridge factories, heavy machinery plants, docks, etc. Correct usage guidelines are as follows:
1、10 tons of electronic crane scale installation or replacement of the battery, you need to tighten the battery clamp locking screws, check whether the battery clamp is firmly fixed on the scale, and then close and lock the crane scale door to prevent accidents. When the instrument shows undervoltage, the battery pack should be replaced immediately, and the replaced battery should be charged in time to prevent battery damage. When the battery pack is not used for a long time, it should be charged at certain intervals, and the battery should be stored in a dry and ventilated environment with suitable temperature, and avoid contact with corrosive substances. When loading and unloading the battery pack connecting cable aviation socket, do not grab the clamping wire clamping cap by hand, but should grasp the base, the other side of the transmitter on the power connection on the aviation plug also do not grab the clamping cap, should grab the head of the rotatable cap for loading and unloading, to prevent the power supply connection loosened, causing malfunction. Transmitter must be connected reliably to the antenna and its feeder before turning on the power, otherwise the transmitter should be damaged.
2、10 tons of electronic crane scale internal many electronic components, such as integrated circuits, quartz crystals, sensors, displays, etc., when the electronic crane scale by violent collision, may damage these components, resulting in electronic scale failure, affecting the accuracy of the scale to affect the normal use of the scale to avoid collision with other items or fall from a high altitude, the instrument should be gently take and put, do not arbitrarily placed in case of unnecessary losses, 10 tons of electronic crane scale fixed on the crane to use vibration damping measures to avoid affecting the reliability of the scale. 10 tons of electronic crane scales fixed in the crane to be used to take measures to reduce vibration, so as not to affect the reliability.
3、Do not arbitrarily dismantle the parts on the 10-ton electronic crane scales in the normal use of electronic crane scales, do not arbitrarily dismantle the parts on the electronic scales, and do not open the sealing mouth on the sensor, dismantle the integrated circuits and other components on the instrument, the necessary repairs must be carried out under the guidance of the relevant technical personnel or with a certain degree of knowledge of the maintenance to prevent the expansion of the fault.
High and low temperature test chamber of routine maintenance of knowledge small
1、High and low temperature test chamber generally we recommend that it will be placed in the temperature of 8 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, do not have the conditions of the laboratory, must be equipped with appropriate air conditioning.
2、Adhere to the special management and maintenance, the conditions of the unit should be sent from time to time to the supplier's factory training and learning, in order to obtain good maintenance, repair experience and ability.
3、Fixed every 3 months to clean the condenser, for the compressor using air-cooled cooling, should be regularly overhauled condensing fan and condenser decontamination of dust to ensure its good ventilation and heat transfer performance. For the compressor using water-cooled cooling, in addition to ensure that the inlet water pressure and inlet water temperature, but also to ensure that the corresponding flow rate, and regularly on the condenser internal cleaning and descaling to obtain its continuous heat transfer performance.
4、Regular cleaning of the evaporator: Because of the different cleanliness levels of the test products, a lot of dust and other small particles will be condensed on the evaporator under the action of forced air circulation, and it should be cleaned regularly.
5、Circulating air blade, condenser fan cleaning and balance and cleaning of the evaporator is similar, because the working environment of the test chamber is different, the circulating air blade and condenser fan on the condenser will be coagulated a lot of dust and other small particles of the object, it should be cleaned on a regular basis.
6、Waterway and humidifier cleaning: If the waterway is not smooth, humidifier scaling easily lead to humidifier dry burning, may damage the humidifier, so it must be regularly cleaned on the waterway and humidifier.
7、Insist that the temperature is set near the ambient temperature after each test, and cut off the power supply after working for about 30 minutes, and wipe clean the inner wall of the workshop.
8、Long-term downtime is not used should be regularly every half month to the product energized, energized time is not less than 1 hour. As the high and low temperature test chamber is basically composed of electrical, refrigeration and mechanical multiple systems, so once the equipment problems, should be comprehensive on the whole equipment system to check and comprehensive analysis. Generally speaking the process of analyzing and judging can be first outside after the inside, that is, first of all exclude external factors, according to the failure phenomenon of the equipment first system decomposition. After the comprehensive analysis and judgment of the system, or you can use the reverse method to find the cause of the failure. First of all, according to the electrical wiring diagram to find out whether the electrical system has a problem, to find out whether the refrigeration system. In the absence of the cause of the failure, do not blindly disassemble or replace parts, so as not to cause unnecessary trouble.
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