Cupellation furnace: Structure and blowing process of the cupellation furnace
Release time:
2020-06-24
Many people do not know what a reverberatory furnace is, nor its structure and blowing process.
First, let's look at the application scope of the reverberatory furnace: In non-ferrous metals, this furnace is suitable for smelting blister copper, recycled copper, nickel matte, and copper-nickel matte.
The blowing is carried out in a horizontal blowing furnace - a cylindrical container. The outer shell of the container is made of boiler steel plate, lined with refractory bricks. The top of the furnace has a hole, which is the furnace mouth, and a steel tuyere is made along it. The reverberatory furnace is supported on four pairs of rollers by two rings on the cylinder seat and rotated by gear transmission.
The refractory lining of the fire assay reverberatory furnace is divided into the following parts: furnace bottom, tuyere zone, upper tuyere zone, furnace top, and ends.
Magnesite bricks or chrome-magnesite bricks are used for the masonry. The tuyere zone is built with a mixture of magnesium oxide and sodium silicate cement, and other components are dry-laid. According to the lining wear rate of each component of the refractory lining, the furnace top lining thickness is 230 mm, the furnace bottom lining thickness is 330 mm, and the tuyere zone, upper tuyere zone, and end lining thickness is 460 mm. The tuyere zone and the upper tuyere zone are also lined with another layer of bricks.
Masonry, especially the tuyere zone masonry, using two layers of standard-sized bricks, will reduce the service life of the lining. From the upper tuyere zone radial lining to the tuyere zone, from the tuyere slope to the horizontal plane, special-shaped bricks are used for masonry. The furnace and the two ends are built with rectangular bricks and wedge-shaped bricks. The space between the refractory masonry and the shell is filled with crushed magnesite.
The lead grains obtained after melting are put into the fire assay reverberatory furnace and melted at 900℃. At this time, the molten lead contacts with the oxygen in the air and turns into lead oxide. Due to the surface tension, most of the PU3 is absorbed by the porous ash pan. A small part volatilizes, and the gold and silver are not oxidized but remain in the fire assay reverberatory furnace in granular form. According to metallurgy, the oxidation smelting process above the melting point of metal oxides is called blowing, so we call this separation method the blowing process.
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